348. Imperative.

Sanskrit imperative (loṭ) comprises more than is conveyed by its European name. It is not only the equivalent of what we are wont to understand by this mood, but it is also expressive of wishes, possibility and doubt.

We will treat severally of its different employment:

I. The mood of precept and exhortation.

I. The imperative, like ours, signifies an order or injunction, permission, precept, exhortation, admonition.

Examples: 2d person. Kathâs. 81, 56 asmat svāminīkṛtaṃ / bhajasvātithyamuttiṣṭha snāhi bhuṅkṣva tataḥ param (enjoy the hospitality of our mistress, get up, take a bath, thereafter take food), Çâk. IV vatsau bhaginyāḥ panthānamādeśayatam (my children, show your sister the way), Prab. V, p. 103 hā putrakāḥ kva gatāḥ stha datta me prativacanam; — 3d person. Daç. 132 apasaratu dviradakīṭa eṣa (let this wicked elephant withdraw), Nala. 17, 32 prayatantu tava preṣyāḥ puṇyaślokasya mārgaṇe (your attendants must try to find out Nala), Mâlav. V, p. 137 tau pṛthagvaradākūle śiṣṭām uttaradakṣiṇe (they may rule over —); — 1st person. Çâk. III yady anumanyase tad aham enāṃ viśadāṃ karavāṇi (if you permit, I will make —), Mhbh. 1, 146, 29 carāma vasudhām imām (let us wander over this country), Nala. 7, 7 nalaṃ vīraṃ puṣkaraḥ paravīrahā dīvyāvety abravīt bhrātā.

Rem. In exhortations, some particles are often added to the 2d person, as api, aṅga, nanu etc. See 418.

348. 命令法

サンスクリットの命令法（imperative; loṭ）は、そのヨーロッパでの名称〔＝imperative〕で伝達される以上のものから成る。この法でふつう理解されるものと等しいだけでなく、願望・可能性・疑惑なども表される。

その用法の違いは個別に扱うこととする：

I. 勧告・奨励

Ipv.は、西洋の諸言語と同様に、指令・命令・許可・勧告・奨励・訓戒を表す。

・1st.の例
Çâk. III yady anumanyase tad aham enāṃ viśadāṃ karavāṇi (if you permit, I will make —)
Mhbh. 1, 146, 29 carāma vasudhām imām (let us wander over this country)
Nala. 7, 7 nalaṃ vīraṃ puṣkaraḥ paravīrahā dīvyāvety abravīt bhrātā

・2nd.の例
Kathâs. 81, 56 asmat svāminīkṛtaṃ / bhajasvātithyamuttiṣṭha snāhi bhuṅkṣva tataḥ param (enjoy the hospitality of our mistress, get up, take a bath, thereafter take food)
Çâk. IV vatsau bhaginyāḥ panthānamādeśayatam (my children, show your sister the way)
Prab. V, p. 103 hā putrakāḥ kva gatāḥ stha datta me prativacanam

・3rd.の例
Daç. 132 apasaratu dviradakīṭa eṣa (let this wicked elephant withdraw)
Nala. 17, 32 prayatantu tava preṣyāḥ puṇyaślokasya mārgaṇe (your attendants must try to find out Nala)
Mâlav. V, p. 137 tau pṛthagvaradākūle śiṣṭām uttaradakṣiṇe (they may rule over —)

【補足】
奨励においては、しばしばapi・aṅga・nanuなどのいくつかの不変化辞が2nd.に付加される。418をみよ。