372. Semi-absolute instrumental.

The semi-absolute employment must also be stated for the instrumental. Here are some instances. Kathâs. 29, 55 sakhi bhuktaiḥ phalair etair jarā na te bhaviṣyati (by eating these fruits you will enjoy eternal youth), R. 2, 64, 18 sa coddhṛtena bāṇena sahasā svargam āsthitaḥ (as soon as the arrow had been drawn out, he mounted to heaven), Panc. 57 subhage samastaiḥ śatrubhir hatair annaṃ pānaṃ cāsvādayiṣyāmi (my dear, I will not take either food or drink until after having killed all the enemies), ibid. 178 bhadra na bhetavyam asmadvidhair mitrair vidyamānaiḥ (do not fear, with such friends as we are), Kathâs. 55, 213 dṛṣṭayā vindhyavāsinyā patnīputrau tvam āpsyasi, Panc. 194 tair jjātaiḥ parapakṣaś ca vaśyo bhavati (Lat. his cognitis et tui et adversarii tibi obnoxii erunt). In all of them the absolute locative might have been used. The instrumental represents the action, expressed by the participle, as the cause or motive or means of the main action, and in this respect it shows a close affinity to the Latin absolute ablative.

372. 半-絶対具格（semi-absolute instrumental）

半-絶対構文は、inst.についても記述されねばならない。いくつか用例を出そう：
Kathâs. 29, 55 sakhi bhuktaiḥ phalair etair jarā na te bhaviṣyati (by eating these fruits you will enjoy eternal youth)
R. 2, 64, 18 sa coddhṛtena bāṇena sahasā svargam āsthitaḥ (as soon as the arrow had been drawn out, he mounted to heaven)
Panc. 57 subhage samastaiḥ śatrubhir hatair annaṃ pānaṃ cāsvādayiṣyāmi (my dear, I will not take either food or drink until after having killed all the enemies)
ibid. 178 bhadra na bhetavyam asmadvidhair mitrair vidyamānaiḥ (do not fear, with such friends as we are)
Kathâs. 55, 213 dṛṣṭayā vindhyavāsinyā patnīputrau tvam āpsyasi
Panc. 194 tair jjātaiḥ parapakṣaś ca vaśyo bhavati (Lat. his cognitis et tui et adversarii tibi obnoxii erunt)

これらすべてで絶対処格が用いられている。inst.は、〔文の〕主行為の原因（cause）、動機（motive）、手段（mean）のような分詞で表される行為を表すので、この点では、ラテン語の絶対奪格（absolute ablative）とかなりの類似性がある。