392. Infin. in -toḥ and -tavai.

Two old infinitives, however, are still employed in the brâhmaṇas, those in -toḥ and in -tavai. Of the latter I have even met with an instance in a writer of so comparatively recent a date, as Patañjali (*1).

1. The infinitives in -toḥ are either genitives or ablatives. When genitives, they are hardly found unless depending on īśvara (*2). The phrase īśvara with genitive in -toḥ means »able to” or »liable to.” It must be remarked that in this idiom īśvara sometimes agrees with its subject in gender and number, sometimes the masc. īśvaraḥ is used irrespective of the gender and number of its subject, as if it were an indeclinable word. Ait. Br. 1, 10, 2 īśvarā hainaṃ ni vā roddhorvi vā mathitoḥ (they are able to check him or to crush him), ibid. 1, 30, 11 īśvarau ha vā etau yajamānaṃ hiṃsitoḥ; — ibid. 3, 48, 8 īśvaro hāsya vitte devā arantoḥ (it may be that the gods are not gratified by his offering), Çat. Br. 5, 1, 1, 9 tasyeśvaraḥ prajā pāpīyasī bhavitoḥ.

When ablatives, they are employed after the prepp. ā and purā. Then, however, they are commonly construed with the genitive of their object. Ait. Br. 2, 15, 9 purā vācaḥ pravaditoranūcyaḥ [viz. prātaranuvākaḥ], ibid. 7, 2, 6 ā śarīrāṇāmāhartoḥ.

2. The infinitive in -tavai is said by Pâṇini to be synonymous with the kṛtyas. {P. 3, 4, 14.} This statement is confirmed by what we know about them from the ancient texts. In the Çatapatha they are much used, less often in similar works. Çat. Br. mūlāny ucchettavai brūyāt (he must order the roots to be out off.)

(*1)
Pat. I. p. 2 tasmād brāhmaṇena na mnecchitavai nāpabhāṣitavai. The infin. is here equivalent to the kṛtya, according to what is prescribed by Pâṇini (3, 4, 14).

(*2)
I know but one instance of a genitive depending on an other word. Ait. Br. 2, 20, 21 yaśo ‘rtorbubhūṣet ([if he] should strive after obtaining glory). In another passage Ait. Br. 6, 30, 7 the interpretation of the inf. pratyetoḥ seems somewhat doubtful to me; the words pratyetor hantāham are likely to mean »I am, indeed, able to understand”, as if īśvaraḥ should be supplied.

392. 不定詞-toḥ・-tavai

とはいえ、2つの古い不定詞-toḥと-tavaiが、ブラーフマナ文献では未だ用いられている。後者に関して、Patañjaliのような比較的最近の作家にも見られることがある（*1）。

1. 不定詞-toḥはgen.かabl.のいずれかである。gen.である場合、īśvaraの語に係るものがほとんどである（*2）。-toḥのgen.を伴うīśvaraの句は「…できる」（able to）や「…する責任がある」（liable to）を意味する。このイディオムでは、īśvaraが主語の性・数に一致することもあれば、あたかも格変化しない語のように、主語の性・数に関係なくm.のīśvaraḥが用いられることもある、ということに注意せねばならない。
Ait. Br. 1, 10, 2 īśvarā hainaṃ ni vā roddhorvi vā mathitoḥ (they are able to check him or to crush him)
ibid. 1, 30, 11 īśvarau ha vā etau yajamānaṃ hiṃsitoḥ
ibid. 3, 48, 8 īśvaro hāsya vitte devā arantoḥ (it may be that the gods are not gratified by his offering)
Çat. Br. 5, 1, 1, 9 tasyeśvaraḥ prajā pāpīyasī bhavitoḥ

abl.の場合、前置詞āやpurāの後に用いられる。その場合、ふつう目的語のgen.に係る。
Ait. Br. 2, 15, 9 purā vācaḥ pravaditoranūcyaḥ [viz. prātaranuvākaḥ]
ibid. 7, 2, 6 ā śarīrāṇāmāhartoḥ

2. 不定詞-tavaiは、Pāṇiniによってkṛtyaの同義語と言われている（P. 3, 4, 14）。この記述は古いテキストからの知見により確認されている。Śatapatha-では類似の文献よりも多く用いられている。
Çat. Br. mūlāny ucchettavai brūyāt (he must order the roots to be out off.)

（*1）
Pat. I. p. 2 tasmād brāhmaṇena na mlecchitavai nāpabhāṣitavai
ここで不定詞は、Pāṇiniの規定するところによれば（P. 3, 4, 14）、kṛtyaと等価である。

（*2）
私は他の語に係るgen.の例を一つだけ知っている。
Ait. Br. 2, 20, 21 yaśo ‘rtorbubhūṣet ([if he] should strive after obtaining glory)

別の節、Ait. Br. 6, 30, 7では、不定詞pratyetoḥの解釈は幾分疑わしく思われる；pratyetor hantāhamは、īśvaraḥを〔補って〕与えるべきであるかのように、「本当に、私は理解できる」（I am, indeed, able to understand）を意味する可能性がある。