393.

Both classes of infinitives also admit of an other construction. The subject etc. of those in -toḥ and the object of those in -tavai may be put in the same case, which is represented by the infinitive, but difference of number, when existing, remains. Âpast. in Sâya­ṇas comment on Ait. Br. 2, 15, 15, p. 260 of Aufrecht’s ed. purā vācaḥ purā vā vayobhyaḥ pravaditoḥ (— before the crying of birds), ibid. 2, 7, 6 īśvaro hāsya vāco rakṣobhāṣā janitoḥ (verily, his voice is liable to become the voice of a raxas), ibid. 2, 1, 3 yo ‘sya stṛtyastasmai startavai (to overthrow him, whom he is willing to overthrow) (*1).

Rem. A third class of infinitives, those in -aḥ, which we are entitled to call infinitives of the aorist, as they are made of the most contracted form of the root, are occasionally construed in the same way, f. i. the vaidik phrase purā jartṛbhya ātṛdaḥ quoted by Kâç. on P. 3, 4, 17. Other instances may be met with in the Ṛgveda-mantras.

(*1)
Cp. the well known idiom of Latin gerundivum. And even Latin affords instances of concord in gender and case, but disagreement in number. Cic. Philipp. 5, 3, 6 facultas agrorum auis latronibus condonandi.

393. 承前

どちらの種類の不定詞も他の構文を許す。不定詞 -toḥの主語などと不定詞 -tavaiの目的語は、不定詞によって表される同じ格に置かれるが、数の違いがある場合には、〔その違いはそのまま〕残存する。
Âpast. in Sâya­ṇas comment on Ait. Br. 2, 15, 15, p. 260 of Aufrecht’s ed. purā vācaḥ purā vā vayobhyaḥ pravaditoḥ (— before the crying of birds)
ibid. 2, 7, 6 īśvaro hāsya vāco rakṣobhāṣā janitoḥ (verily, his voice is liable to become the voice of a raxas)
ibid. 2, 1, 3 yo ‘sya stṛtyastasmai startavai (to overthrow him, whom he is willing to overthrow) （*1）

【補足】
不定詞の第3の種類である -aḥは、語根の最も縮約された形で構成されているため、aor.の不定詞と呼ぶことができ、時々同様に解釈される；例としては、Kâç. on P. 3, 4, 17に引用されているヴェーダのフレーズ purā jartṛbhya ātṛdaḥなど。他の用例はṚgvedaのマントラでみられる。

（*1）
ラテン語のgerundivumの有名なイディオムと比較せよ。ラテン語にも、格と性は一致するが数は異なる、という例がある。
Cic. Philipp. 5, 3, 6 facultas agrorum auis latronibus condonandi.