408. Interrogations.

Interrogative sentences are twofold. Sometimes it is the whole action or fact, which is put in question, as „is he gone?”, sometimes it is not the fact itself but one of its elements, that is asked after, as: „where does he dwell? who has seen him?” Questions of the latter type are introduced by interrogative pronouns or adverbs, those of the former 1st by particles, which partly are also derivatives from the interrogative pronoun, 2ly the interrogation is signified by the mere mode of pronouncing.

Interrogative pronouns and adverbs.

I. The interrogative pronoun is ka, the interrogative adverbs, as kva, kutaḥ, kim iti (why?), are its derivatives. As a rule they head the sentence, at least in prose; in poetry they may be put anywhere. Panc. 126 kenopāyenaiṣāṃ dhanaṃ labhe, Daç.82 kāsi vāsu kva yāsi, Pat. I, p. 427 kati bhavato bhāryāḥ; — Mṛcch. IX, p. 302 athedānīṃ vasantasenā kva gatā; Panc. II, 4 akṣaiś cāpi yudhiṣṭhireṇa sahasā prāpto hy anarthaḥ katham.

Rem. Like other pronouns the interrogative may be part of a compound. Mṛcch. IX, p. 302 kiṃ nāmadheyaṃ tasyā mitram (v. a. what is the name of her lover?), Daç. 74 janmanaḥ prabhṛtyarthakāmavārtān abhijñā vayaṃ jñeyau cemau kiṃrūpau kiṃparivārau kiṃphalau (as long as I live, I have been unacquainted with the course of [those two objects of human pursuit] Profit and Pleasure, and I should like to know what is their shape I who are their attendants and what fruit they yield), Pat. I, p. 6 kathañjātīyaka utsargaḥ kartavyaḥ kathañjātīyako ‘pavādaḥ (rule and exception being wanted, what is the nature of either?).

408. 疑問文

疑問文には2種ある。それは「彼は行ったか？」（is he gone?）のような、行為や事実の全体が問われるものであったり、事実それ自体ではなくて「どこに彼は住んでいるのか？　誰が彼を見たのか？」（where does he dwell? who has seen him?）のような、行為や事実の一要素が問われるものであったりする。後者のタイプの質問は疑問代名詞（interrogative pronoun）や疑問副詞（- adverb）によって導かれる。前者のタイプは、第1には、その一部が疑問代名詞の派生でもあるような不変化辞によって、第2には、単に発音の仕方によって、表される。

○疑問代名詞・副詞

I. 疑問代名詞はkaで、kva、kutaḥ、kim itiのような疑問副詞はその派生語である。少なくとも散文では、原則として文頭に来る。詩文ではどこにでも置きうる。
Panc. 126 kenopāyenaiṣāṃ dhanaṃ labhe
Daç.82 kāsi vāsu kva yāsi
Pat. I, p. 427 kati bhavato bhāryāḥ
Mṛcch. IX, p. 302 athedānīṃ vasantasenā kva gatā
Panc. II, 4 akṣaiś cāpi yudhiṣṭhireṇa sahasā prāpto hy anarthaḥ katham

【補足】
他の代名詞と同様に、疑問代名詞は合成語の一部となりうる。
Mṛcch. IX, p. 302 kiṃ nāmadheyaṃ tasyā mitram (v. a. what is the name of her lover?)
Daç. 74 janmanaḥ prabhṛtyarthakāmavārtān abhijñā vayaṃ jñeyau cemau kiṃrūpau kiṃparivārau kiṃphalau (as long as I live, I have been unacquainted with the course of [those two objects of human pursuit] Profit and Pleasure, and I should like to know what is their shape I who are their attendants and what fruit they yield)
Pat. I, p. 6 kathañjātīyaka utsargaḥ kartavyaḥ kathañjātīyako ‘pavādaḥ (rule and exception being wanted, what is the nature of either?)