410. Rhetorical questions.

Sanskrit has a pronounced predilection for rhetorical questions (14, VI). Hence, the interrogative pronouns and adverbs are often to be translated rather freely. Here are some examples: R. 2, 44, 7 kiṃ na prāptas tavātmajaḥ = sarvaṃ prā-, Hit. 22 jātimātreṇa kiṃ kaścid vadhyate pūjyate kvacit (v. a. nobody is punished or honoured anywhere on account of his birth alone), Kathâs. 28, 10 buddhena ca parasyārthe… ātmāpi tṛṇavad dattaḥ kā varāke dhane kathā (the Buddha has given up his own self like a grass-blade for the benefit of his neighbour, how, then, can there be question about [giving up] wretched riches?). Cp. Mhbh. 1, 74, 27, Çâk. I, vs.19 etc. Cp. also atha kim = »yes,” kiṃ tu = »but” (441), kiṃ ca = »moreover” (437).

katham and kutaḥ

In a similar way katham and kutaḥ frequently precede cause, reason or motive, when expressed by a new sentence. For this reason, one may sometimes render them by »indeed.” Mudr, V, p. 157 aho vicitratāryacāṇakyanīteḥ / kutaḥ the reason is given in the strophe, which immediately follows, ibid. I, p. 29 kasya parijñāne niyukto nipuṇaka iti na jñāyate / ā jñātam / aye katham ayaṃ prakṛticittaparijñāne niyukto nipuṇaka iti.

kva ca… kva ca

Rem. The idiom kva ca… kva ca serves to denote a great discrepancy between two things. Daç. 77 kva tapaḥ kva ca ruditam (v. a. to be an ascetic and to weep are incompatible), R. 2, 106, 18 kva cāraṇyaṃ kva ca kṣāttraṃ kva jaṭāḥ kva ca pālanam, Çâk. I, kva bata hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ / kva ca niśitanipātāḥ sārapuṅkhāḥ śarāste. Cp. Kathâs. 28, 6, R. 3, 9, 27 etc.

410. 修辞疑問文

サンスクリットはあきらかに修辞疑問文を好む傾向がある（14-6）。しかがって、疑問代名詞・副詞は、しばしばより自由に翻訳される。いくつか例を挙げよう：
R. 2, 44, 7 kiṃ na prāptas tavātmajaḥ = sarvaṃ prā-
Hit. 22 jātimātreṇa kiṃ kaścid vadhyate pūjyate kvacit (v. a. nobody is punished or honoured anywhere on account of his birth alone)
Kathâs. 28, 10 buddhena ca parasyārthe… ātmāpi tṛṇavad dattaḥ kā varāke dhane kathā (the Buddha has given up his own self like a grass-blade for the benefit of his neighbour, how, then, can there be question about [giving up] wretched riches?)

Mhbh. 1, 74, 27やÇâk. I, vs. 19なども参照せよ。また、atha kimが「はい」、kiṃ tuが「でも」（441）、kiṃ caが「さらに」（437）となる場合についても比較せよ。

○katham・kutaḥ

似たような仕方で、kathamとkutaḥは、新しい文で用いられる場合、原因、理由、動機の前に来ることがよくある。このため、それらは「実に」（indeed）で翻訳されることがある。例えば、次の第一の例文では、理由が直後の節に示されている。
Mudr, V, p. 157 aho vicitratāryacāṇakyanīteḥ / kutaḥ
ibid. I, p. 29 kasya parijñāne niyukto nipuṇaka iti na jñāyate / ā jñātam / aye katham ayaṃ prakṛticittaparijñāne niyukto nipuṇaka iti

○kva ca… kva ca

【補足】
kva ca… kva caのイディオムは、二者間の大きな食い違いを表す。
Daç. 77 kva tapaḥ kva ca ruditam (v. a. to be an ascetic and to weep are incompatible)
R. 2, 106, 18 kva cāraṇyaṃ kva ca kṣāttraṃ kva jaṭāḥ kva ca pālanam
Çâk. I, kva bata hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ / kva ca niśitanipātāḥ sārapuṅkhāḥ śarāste

Kathâs. 28, 6やR. 3, 9, 27なども参照せよ。