413.

On the other hand, na put into the question announces an affirmative answer, like Latin nonne. It generally attends some interrogative particle, viz. api or kim, but may also be used by itself. By combining na and nu one gets nanu which is to be considered a new particle, fully answering to Lat. nonne, Greek οὐκοῦν, and which for this reason has also the force of an emphatic (396). Examples: Ch. Up. 1, 10, 4 na svid ete ‘py ucchiṣṭā iti (were not these [beans] also left [and therefore unclean]?); — R. 2, 72, 5 api nādhvaśramaḥ śīghraṃ rathenāpatatas tava (are you not tired with the long way, having driven quickly?); — Ratn. III, p. 79 kiṃ padmasya ruciṃ na hanti nayanānandraṃ vidhatte na kim [viz. vaktrendustava] (does not [the splendour of your face] outshine the brilliancy of the white lotus and does it not cause delight to the eyes?); — R. 2, 22, 22 nanu daivasya karma tat (is not that the effect of Destiny?).

Rem. Yet, na put to kañcit = kim num, since kañcit alone may be rather = nonne. R. 2, 72, 44 kañcinna brāhmaṇadhanaṃ hṛtaṃ rāmeṇa kasya cit, cp. ibid. 1, 74, 21; 2, 57, 7; Mhbh. 1, 23, 10.

413. 疑問文に付加されるna

一方で、疑問文に付加されるnaは、ラテン語のnonneと同様に、肯定的な返答を表す。これは一般にいくつかの疑問詞、すなわちapiやkimを伴うが、それ単体でも用いられうる。naとnuが合わさると、新しい不変化辞とみなされるnanuが得られる。これはラテン語のnonneや古代ギリシャ語のοὐκοῦνに対応し、そのため、強調の効果も持っている（396）。
例：
Ch. Up. 1, 10, 4 na svid ete ‘py ucchiṣṭā iti (were not these [beans] also left [and therefore unclean]?)
R. 2, 72, 5 api nādhvaśramaḥ śīghraṃ rathenāpatatas tava (are you not tired with the long way, having driven quickly?)
Ratn. III, p. 79 kiṃ padmasya ruciṃ na hanti nayanānandraṃ vidhatte na kim [viz. vaktrendustava] (does not [the splendour of your face] outshine the brilliancy of the white lotus and does it not cause delight to the eyes?)
R. 2, 22, 22 nanu daivasya karma tat (is not that the effect of Destiny?)

【補足】
けれども、kañcit単体ではむしろラテン語のnonne（＝肯定を期待する不変化辞）でありうるため、kañcitに付加されるnaはkim、つまりラテン語のnum（＝否定を期待する不変化辞）に等しい。ibid. 1, 74, 21、2, 57, 7およびMhbh. 1, 23, 10を比較せよ。