423. api.

2. api may be 1. = „and, too, moreover, also,” 2. = „even,” 3. = „though”. Like ca, it is commonly subjoined to the word — or first of the words — connected by it; in poets, it not rarely precedes. Examples of 1. Pat. I, p. 125 tavāśvo naṣṭo mamāpi ratho dagdhaḥ (your horse is lost and my chariot is burnt). Panc. 246 the king of the frogs mounts on the back of the serpent Mandavisha; seeing this, the others too do so śeṣā api yathājyeṣṭhaṃ tatpṛṣṭhopari samāruruhuḥ; Çâk. I asti naḥ saccaritaśravaṇalobhād anyad api praṣtavyam (v. a. I would ask you once more); — of 2. Mudr. I, p. 30 na yuktaṃ prākṛtam api ripum avajñātum (it is not advisable to despise a foe, not even a mean one); — of 3. Kathâs. 42, 28 anvagātsa ca taṃ tuṣṇīm anicchann api (and, though reluctantly, he followed him).

In poetry however, api occasionally precedes the word it attends instead of being subjoined to it. Mhbh. 1, 76, 52 kaṃ brahmahatyā na dahed apīndram (whom would not the hurting of a brahman consume? even Indra), Kumâras. 6, 59 Himavân says api vyāptadigantāni nāṅgāni prabhavanti me (my limbs though stretching in all directions, have no power —), Panc. III, 92 api svarge instead of svarge ‘pi etc. Another instance of poetical license is such an arrangement as we have Nala. I, 30 tvam apy evaṃ nale vada instead of tvam evaṃ nale ‘pi vada (speak in this way also to N.).

Rem. Apart from being a connective, api has many more meanings. It may be a) an interrogative particle, see 412; b) with imperative it strengthens the exhortation, see Kâç. on P. 1, 4, 96 api siñca (do, pour out); c) it often precedes the liṅ, when doing duty as an optative (343, b) or in the idiom mentioned 343 c) 5°. In these cases api heads the sentence. — In other meanings again it is used, when subjoined to nouns of number (298), or when put to the interrogative pronouns and adverbs, see 281 and 288.

Moreover api, when of time, may be = 1. »only, but,” as muhūrtam api pratīkṣasva (wait but for a moment), 2. »still,” f. i. Kathâs. 3, 18 bālo ‘pi »when still a boy.”

423. api

2. apiは①「そして」（and）、「そのうえ」（too）、「又」（also）、「さらに」（moreover）、②「…さえ」（even）、③「…であるが」（though）を意味する。caと同様に、ふつうそれが接続する単語の後に—あるいは複数の語の最初に—付加される。

例：
①
Pat. I, p. 125 tavāśvo naṣṭo mamāpi ratho dagdhaḥ (your horse is lost and my chariot is burnt)
Panc. 246 the king of the frogs mounts on the back of the serpent Mandavisha; seeing this, the others too do so śeṣā api yathājyeṣṭhaṃ tatpṛṣṭhopari samāruruhuḥ
Çâk. I asti naḥ saccaritaśravaṇalobhād anyad api praṣtavyam (v. a. I would ask you once more)
②
Mudr. I, p. 30 na yuktaṃ prākṛtam api ripum avajñātum (it is not advisable to despise a foe, not even a mean one)
③
Kathâs. 42, 28 anvagātsa ca taṃ tuṣṇīm anicchann api (and, though reluctantly, he followed him)

けれども、詩文においては、apiは、係る語の後に付加される代わりに、先行することがある。
Mhbh. 1, 76, 52 kaṃ brahmahatyā na dahed apīndram (whom would not the hurting of a brahman consume? even Indra)
Kumâras. 6, 59 Himavân says api vyāptadigantāni nāṅgāni prabhavanti me (my limbs though stretching in all directions, have no power —)
Panc. III, 92 api svarge （instead of svarge ‘pi etc.）
Nala. I, 30 tvam apy evaṃ nale vada （instead of tvam evaṃ nale ‘pi vada） (speak in this way also to N.)

【補足】
接続詞であるものを除いて、apiはもっと多くの意味を持つ。すなわち、a.) 疑問詞（412）、b.) Ipv.を伴って勧奨を強めるもの（Kâç. on P. 1, 4, 96 api siñca＝"do, pour out"）、c.) しばしばliṅに先行しOpt.（343-b）や343 c) 5°に言及したイディオムのはたらきをするもの、である。これらのケースではapiは文頭に来る。—他の意味では、数詞（298）に付随して用いられたり、疑問代名詞や副詞に付けられたりする。281と288をみよ。
さらに、時間を表すapiは、①「…だけ」（only, but）：muhūrtam api pratīkṣasva (wait but for a moment)、②「まだ」（still）：Kathâs. 3, 18 bālo ‘pi (when still a boy)を表しうる。