431.

Moreover, iva is used to soften some expression, in the same way as German etwa, our rather, almost, as if it were. Mudr. II, p. 58 viphalam iva rākṣasaprayatnam avagacchāmi (I perceive that the exertions of R. are almost fruitless), R. 2, 85, 7 iyaṃ te mahatī senā śaṅkāṃ janayatīva me.

431. 表現を和らげるiva

加えて、ivaは、ドイツ語のetwaや英語のrather、almost、as if it wereと同じ仕方で、何らかの表現を和らげる。
Mudr. II, p. 58 viphalam iva rākṣasaprayatnam avagacchāmi (I perceive that the exertions of R. are almost fruitless)
R. 2, 85, 7 iyaṃ te mahatī senā śaṅkāṃ janayatīva me