456.

Sometimes the relative protasis + demonstrative apodosis, even serves the purpose of emphasizing a simple sentence. In this case, the relative sentence is but the paraphrase of the main subject. Instead of so ‘śvo me mṛtaḥ (my horse has died) it may be said yo me ‘śvaḥ sa mṛtaḥ. This periphrastic idiom is especially employed in giving definitions, and in general, if the chief predicate is nominal, it is a fit means for distinguishing the subject from the predicate by pointing out the former as something already known. The archaic monuments offer plenty of instances of this idiom. In classic literature, though far less common, it is however not wanting. Examples: a.) from archaic texts. Ch. Up. 1, 3, 3 yaḥ prāṇāpānayoḥ saṃdhiḥ sa vyāno yo vyānaḥ sā vāk. Çat. Br. 14, 7, 1, 33 atha ye śataṃ manuṣyāṇāmānandāḥ sa ekaḥ pitṝṇāṃ jitalokānāmānandaḥ, Muir O. S. T. I, p. 46 translates this passage thus: »now a hundred pleasures of men are one pleasure of the Pitris who have conquered the worlds.” Mhbh. I, Paushyap. Uttanka asks his teacher about some strange apparitions he has come across, while executing the orders of his teacher. The other answers ye te striyo dhātā vidhātā ca (the two women [you have seen] were the Dhâtṛ and iho Vidhâtṛ) ye ca te kṛṣṇāḥ sitāstantavaste rātryahanī (and the black and the white threads [they were weaving] were day and night) and so on: yaḥ puruṣaḥ sa parjanyaḥ / yo ‘śvaḥ so ‘gniḥ / ya ṛṣabhaḥ… sa airāvato nāgarāṭ / yaścainam adhirūḍhaḥ puruṣaḥ sa cendraḥ; — b.) from classic literature. Panc. 62 atra punaḥ sarasi ye jalacarāste niścintāḥ santi (but in this lake the aquatic animals are brainless), Mudr. V, p. 172 yat tad alaṅkaraṇatrayaṃ krītaṃ tan madhyādekaṃ dīyatām (give me one of these very three ornaments you have bought).

456. 強調のための関係文

〈関係〔詞の導く〕前提節＋指示〔代名詞の導く〕帰結節〉は、単純な文を強調する目的を果たすこともある。この場合、関係文は主文の主語の言い換えでしかない。so ‘śvo me mṛtaḥ（私の馬が死んでしまった）の代わりにyo me ‘śvaḥ sa mṛtaḥとなる具合である。この言い換えのidiomは特に定義を与える際に用いられる。また一般に、主文の述語が名詞形である場合には、主語を既知のものとして指示することによって、主語と述語を区別するための適切な手段でもある。古代の碑文がこのidiomの豊富な用例を提供してくれる。古典サンスクリット文学では、〔用例自体は〕あまり一般的ではないが、〔idiomそのものが〕欠落しているわけではない。
Ch. Up. 1, 3, 3 yaḥ prāṇāpānayoḥ saṃdhiḥ sa vyāno yo vyānaḥ sā vāk
Çat. Br. 14, 7, 1, 33 atha ye śataṃ manuṣyāṇām ānandāḥ sa ekaḥ pitṝṇāṃ jitalokānām ānandaḥ
Muir O. S. T. I, p. 46 translates this passage thus: »now a hundred pleasures of men are one pleasure of the Pitris who have conquered the worlds.’’
Mhbh. I, Paushyap. Uttanka asks his teacher about some strange apparitions he has come across, while executing the orders of his teacher. The other answers ye te striyo dhātā vidhātā ca (the two women [you have seen] were the Dhâtṛ and iho Vidhâtṛ) ye ca te kṛṣṇāḥ sitāstantavaste rātryahanī (and the black and the white threads [they were weaving] were day and night) and so on: yaḥ puruṣaḥ sa parjanyaḥ / yo ‘śvaḥ so ‘gniḥ / ya ṛṣabhaḥ… sa airāvato nāgarāṭ / yaścainam adhirūḍhaḥ puruṣaḥ sa cendraḥ

— b.) 古典サンスクリットより
Panc. 62 atra punaḥ sarasi ye jalacarāste niścintāḥ santi (but in this lake the aquatic animals are brainless)
Mudr. V, p. 172 yat tad alaṅkaraṇatrayaṃ krītaṃ tan madhyādekaṃ dīyatām (give me one of these very three ornaments you have bought)