471. b) final and consecutive.

b.) yathā points to the result, either effected or aimed at. The result effected is set forth by yathā construed with a past tense and preceded by tathā. The result aimed at or (what is often identical) the purpose is expressed by yathā construed with an optative (liG), a future or, as is oftener done, a present (cp. 468). In both categories of sentences the demonstrative tathā is generally added.

Examples: 1. yathā points to the result effected. Kathâs. 25, 120 krameṇa ca yayau tatra prakarṣaṃ sa tathā yathā / ajīyata na kenāpi pratimallena bhūtale (and by degrees he became such a master in this art [boxing], that no adversary on earth could vanquish him), Panc. 318 evaṃ tena dhyānasthitena tathaiva pādaprahāro datto yathā sa ghaṭo bhagnaḥ (as he was thinking so, he gave the pot such a kick that it broke). See also Kumâras. 5, 15.

2. yathā signifies the result aimed at, the purpose. Here the present usually follows. Panc. 2 yathā mama manorathāḥ siddhiṃ yānti tathānuṣṭhīyatām (act so as to cause my wishes to be fulfilled), Kathâs. 26, 42 yuvāṃ me kurutaṃ tathā yathāham adya paśyāmi tāṃ yuṣmatsvāminīm iha (cause me to see your queen to-day), Panc. 151 ahaṃ tathā bhakṣayāmi yathā bahūnyahāni me prāṇayātrā bhavati (I will eat [of it] in such a way, as to be supported by it for many days), Çâk. I āśramabādhā yathā na bhavati tathāhamapi yatiṣye (I too will take care, that there may be done no harm to the hermitage), Hit. 108 yathāyaṃ naśyati tan mayā vidheyam. — Yet, the optative (liG) is also found, especially in ornate style and in ancient literature. Mhbh. 1, 163, 8 yathā tvidaṃ na vindeyurnarā nagaravāsinaḥ / tathāyaṃ brāhmaṇo vācyaḥ (but this brahman should be warned, that the townsmen may not become aware of it), Kathâs. 13, 55 sa cāputro bahūn viprān saṃghāṭya praṇato ‘bravīt / tathā kuruta putro me yathā syād acirād iti, Vikram. II, p. 38 tad upāyaś cintyatāṃ yathā saphalaprārthano bhaveyam. — Instance of the future: Panc. 105 mayānyonyaṃ tābhyāṃ… bhedastathā vihito yathā bhūyo ‘pi mantrayantāvekasthānasthitau na drakṣyasi (I have made them so discordant that you will see them never more deliberate together).

The future is of course wanted, if the main sentence has a future. Nala. 1, 20 damayantīsakāśe tvāṃ kathayiṣyāmi naiṣadha / yathā tvadanyaṃ puruṣaṃ na sā maṃsyati karhicit, Likewise the optative, if the main sentence has an optative. Daç. 138 tathā viṣaṃ stambhayeyaṃ yathā mṛta ity udāsyeta (I will arrest the poison, but in such a manner, that he will be left for dead).

Rem. 1. If the demonstrative is not added, yathā = »[in order] that.” Panc. 56 saṃbodhyo ‘dya tvayā nijabhartā yathā mama śatrūn vyāpādayati (you must exhort your husband, that he may kill my enemies). Cp. Nala. 1, 20.

Rem. 2. Instead of yathā na with optative, epic poets often use the simple na (405 R. 1). Moreover, mā may be = »lest,” when it agrees with aorist or with optative, in epic poetry even with the future, cp. 405 R. 1. — In affirmative sentences the omission of yathā is very rare, yet there are instances of it. R. 1, 39, 11 tat tathā kriyatāṃ rājanyajño ‘chidraḥ kṛto bhavet (make the sacrifice to be accomplished without flaw).

471. b) 目的・結果を表すもの

b.) yathāは、遂行した/目指した結果を表す。影響した結果（the result effected）は、tathāに先行され過去時制と文法的に結びつくyathāによって明示される。目指した結果（the result aimed at）、あるいは（多くの場合それと同一の）目的（purpose）は、Opt.（liṅ）、Fut.、あるいはしばしばそうであるようにPres.と文法的に結びつくyathāによって表される（468）。どちらの文のカテゴリにおいても、指示代名詞tathāがふつう付加される。

例：
1. 影響した結果を表すyathā
Kathâs. 25, 120 krameṇa ca yayau tatra prakarṣaṃ sa tathā yathā / ajīyata na kenāpi pratimallena bhūtale (and by degrees he became such a master in this art [boxing], that no adversary on earth could vanquish him)
Panc. 318 evaṃ tena dhyānasthitena tathaiva pādaprahāro datto yathā sa ghaṭo bhagnaḥ (as he was thinking so, he gave the pot such a kick that it broke)

Kumâras. 5, 15もみよ。

2. 目的を表すyathā
ここで普通はPres.が続く。
Panc. 2 yathā mama manorathāḥ siddhiṃ yānti tathānuṣṭhīyatām (act so as to cause my wishes to be fulfilled)
Kathâs. 26, 42 yuvāṃ me kurutaṃ tathā yathāham adya paśyāmi tāṃ yuṣmatsvāminīm iha (cause me to see your queen to-day)
Panc. 151 ahaṃ tathā bhakṣayāmi yathā bahūny ahāni me prāṇayātrā bhavati (I will eat [of it] in such a way, as to be supported by it for many days)
Çâk. I āśramabādhā yathā na bhavati tathāham api yatiṣye (I too will take care, that there may be done no harm to the hermitage), Hit. 108 yathāyaṃ naśyati tanmayā vidheyam

が、特に雅文や古い作品においては、Opt.（liṅ）もみられる。
Mhbh. 1, 163, 8 yathā tvidaṃ na vindeyurnarā nagaravāsinaḥ / tathāyaṃ brāhmaṇo vācyaḥ (but this brahman should be warned, that the townsmen may not become aware of it)
Kathâs. 13, 55 sa cāputro bahūn viprān saṃghāṭya praṇato ‘bravīt / tathā kuruta putro me yathā syād acirād iti
Vikram. II, p. 38 tad upāyaś cintyatāṃ yathā saphalaprārthano bhaveyam

Fut.の例：
Panc. 105 mayānyonyaṃ tābhyāṃ… bhedas tathā vihito yathā bhūyo ‘pi mantrayantāv ekasthānasthitau na drakṣyasi (I have made them so discordant that you will see them never more deliberate together)

主文がFut.を〔動詞に〕持つ場合には、もちろんFut.が必要とされる。
Nala. 1, 20 damayantīsakāśe tvāṃ kathayiṣyāmi naiṣadha / yathā tvadanyaṃ puruṣaṃ na sā maṃsyati karhicit

同様に、主文がOpt.をもつ場合にはOpt.を要する。
Daç. 138 tathā viṣaṃ stambhayeyaṃ yathā mṛta ity udāsyeta (I will arrest the poison, but in such a manner, that he will be left for dead)

【補足1】
指示代名詞が付加されない場合、yathāは「そのために」（[in order] that）となる。以下をNala. 1, 20と比較せよ。
Panc. 56 saṃbodhyo ‘dya tvayā nijabhartā yathā mama śatrūn vyāpādayati (you must exhort your husband, that he may kill my enemies)

【補足2】
yathā na＋Opt.の代わりに、叙事詩の詩人たちはしばしば単なるnaを用いる（405補足1）。さらに、Aor.やOpt.（叙事詩においてはFut.も）と一致する場合にはmāが「…しないように」（lest）でありうる。405補足1をみよ。—肯定文においてyathāの省略は非常に稀であるが、用例が存在する。
R. 1, 39, 11 tat tathā kriyatāṃ rājanyajño ‘chidraḥ kṛto bhavet (make the sacrifice to be accomplished without flaw)