475. yāvat.

yāvat is chiefly used of time. Then the parallelism yāvat… tāvat is generally expressed in full. Two cases are here to be distinguished. Either simultaneousness of the two actions is denoted, or the action with tāvat is precedent to the other.

yāvat… tāvat = while.

I. If yāvat… tāvat, or inversely yāvat… tāvat are expressive of simultaneousness, yāvat properly = as long as, while. Yet, it is also expressive of at which time, when, sometimes it may even be rendered by as soon as.

1. yāvat as long as, while (*1). In this meaning it is construed with the present, even when expressive of past facts, cp. 327. Hit. 68 deva yāvad ahaṃ jīvāmi tāvad dayaṃ na kartavyam (as long as I live, you ought not to fear), Panc. V, 64 tāvat syāt suprasannāsyas tāvad gurujane rataḥ / puruṣo yoṣitāṃ yāvanna śṛṇoti vaco rataḥ. In both instances yāvat… tāvat = »during which time… during that time.” But not rarely its meaning is »during which time… in the meanwhile.” Panc. 290 yāvad asau [sc. śṛgālaḥ] taddhedakṛtadvāreṇa kiṃcin māṃsaṃ bhakṣayati tāvad atisaṃkruddho ‘paraḥ śṛgālaḥ samāyayau, ibid. 42 yāvad devadattam uddiśya vrajati tāvat taddhartā saṃmukho madavihvalāṅgaḥ samabhyeti (as she is going to her sweetheart, she comes across her husband (*2)).

2. yāvat at which time. Panc. 277 yāvat tāṃ [peṭām] utpāṭayati tāvat taṃ paṅguṃ dadarśa (as he opened the basket, he saw the paralytic), Kathâs. 4, 36 yāvat kiṃcid gatā sā purodhasā (as she went on a little, she was stopped by the priest).

3. yāvat as soon as Panc. 313 yāvad rāsabho dṛṣṭas tāval laguḍaprahārair hataḥ (as soon as the ass was seen, he was beaten with sticks).

(*1)
Cp.the similar employment yāvat, when preposition (54 R. 2 and cp. 169).

(*2)
yāvad yāvat… tāvat tāvat = »for every time… for this time” (cp. 252, 3°). Mudr. IV, p. 143 yāvat yāvan nirapekṣaś cāṇakyahatakaś candraguptād dṛrībhavati tāvat tāvad asya svārthasiddhiḥ.

475. yāvat

yāvatは、主に時間に関して用いられる。よって、yāvat… tāvatの対応はふつう省略されずに表現される。2つのケースがここに顕著である。2つの行為の同時性（simultaneousness）が記述されるか、あるいはtāvatを伴う方の行為が他に先行するか、である。

○「…の間に」を表すyāvat… tāvat

I. yāvat… tāvat、あるいは逆順のtāvat… yāvatが同時性を表す場合、yāvatは正しく「…の限り」や「…の間に」と等しい。もっとも、これは「…のときに」（at which time, when）をも表し、「…するやいなや」（as soon as）で訳されることもある。

1. 「…の限り」や「…の間に」を表すyāvat（*1）
この意味では、yāvatは、過去の事実を表す場合であってもPres.と文法的に結びつく（327）。
Hit. 68 deva yāvad ahaṃ jīvāmi tāvad dayaṃ na kartavyam (as long as I live, you ought not to fear)
Panc. V, 64 tāvat syāt suprasannāsyas tāvad gurujane rataḥ / puruṣo yoṣitāṃ yāvanna śṛṇoti vaco rataḥ

どちらの例でもyāvat… tāvatは「…の間、その間に…」（during which time… during that time）である。けれども、「… の間、その間ずっと」（during which time… in the meanwhile）を意味することも稀ではない。
Panc. 290 yāvad asau [sc. śṛgālaḥ] tad dhedakṛtadvāreṇa kiṃcin māṃsaṃ bhakṣayati tāvad atisaṃkruddho ‘paraḥ śṛgālaḥ samāyayau
ibid. 42 yāvad devadattam uddiśya vrajati tāvat taddhartā saṃmukho madavihvalāṅgaḥ samabhyeti (as she is going to her sweetheart, she comes across her husband) （*2）

2. 「…のときに」を表すyāvat
Panc. 277 yāvat tāṃ [peṭām] utpāṭayati tāvat taṃ paṅguṃ dadarśa (as he opened the basket, he saw the paralytic)
Kathâs. 4, 36 yāvat kiṃcid gatā sā purodhasā (as she went on a little, she was stopped by the priest)

3. 「…するやいなや」を表すyāvat
Panc. 313 yāvad rāsabho dṛṣṭas tāvallaguḍaprahārair hataḥ (as soon as the ass was seen, he was beaten with sticks)

（*1）
前置詞の場合のyāvatの用法と比較せよ（54補足2、169）。

（*2）
yāvad yāvat… tāvat tāvatは「いつもは…で、今回は…」（for every time… for this time）となる（252, 3°と比較せよ）。
Mudr. IV, p. 143 yāvat yāvan nirapekṣaś cāṇakyahatakaś candraguptād dṛrībhavati tāvat tāvad asya svārthasiddhiḥ