484. Conditional period.

The conditional period is a compound sentence, made up of a protasis and an apodosis. The protasis contains period. the condition, whereas the apodosis states what will happen under the said condition.

yadi and cet.

The grammatical exponents of the protasis are yadi or cet. Of these, yadi since it is a relative, heads the sentence, at least in prose. But, as a rule, cet is not put at the head, it is often the last word of the sentence; yet, sa, eṣa, na sim. being used, it is put close after them.

Correlative demonstratives in the apodosis.

In the apodosis no correlative is necessary. Yet it is often expressed, viz. tataḥ or tadA or tat or tarhi, occasionally atha.

Examples of yadi and cet: a.) without correlative in the apodosis. Daç. 105 yady aham asmi taskaro bhadrā badhnīta mām (if I am a thief, fetter me, gentlemen), Daç. 72 yadīha bhagavatpādamūlaṃ na śaraṇaṃ śaraṇamastu mama kṛpaṇāyā hiraṇyaretāḥ (if Your Holiness does not afford me protection, the god of fire must be my refuge); — Kathâs. 25, 19 bhagavān vaktu vetti cet (say it, Reverend, if you know it), Kumâras. 5, 40 na ced rahasyaṃ prativaktum arhasi (answer me, prithee, if it is no secret).

b.) with correlative. Hit. 23 yady annaṃ nāsti tadā suprītenāpi vacasā tāvad atithiḥ pūjyaḥ (if food is wanting, one must entertain one’s guest at least with kind speech), Daç. 90 sā ced iyaṃ prakṛtimāpadyeta tadā peśalaṃ bhavet (if she should be brought to reason, that would be charming); Mhbh. 1, 43, 1 Taxaka says to Kâçyapa yadi daṣṭaṃ mayeha tvaṃ śaktaḥ kiṃcic cikitsituṃ / tato vṛkṣaṃ mayā daṣṭamimaṃ jīvaya kāśyapa; — Panc. 334 avaśyaṃ yadi gantavyaṃ tadeṣa karkaṭo ‘pi sahāyaḥ (if [you] are obliged to go, even this crab may be your companion), Kathâs. 24, 146 na cet kupyasi tat kiṃcit prabho vijñāpayāmy aham (if you are not angry, I have something to entreat of you); — Panc. 16 yady evam abhimataṃ tarhi śivāste panthānaḥ santu: — Çâk. VII na cet munikumāro ‘yam atha ko ‘sya vyapadeśaḥ (if he is not the son of a muni, what, then, is his name ?).

Rem. 1. In most cases the protasis precedes. Sometimes, however, the main sentence is put first, f. i. Daç. 91 ajinaratnaṃ mayā tubhyaṃ deyaṃ yadi pratidānaṃ rāgamañjarī (I am bound to deliver you the magic skin, provided that Râgamanjarî be given in return to me), Kâd. I, p. 101 śrūyatāṃ yadi kutūhalam.

Rem. 2. R. 3, 43, 19 yadi… tu = »if… at least.” Sîtâ to Râma jīvanna yadi te ‘bhyeti grahaṇaṃ mṛgasattamaḥ / ajinaṃ naraśārdṛla ruciraṃ tu bhaviṣyati / nihatasyāsya (even if tho precious deer should not be taken alive, its skin at least will be a beautiful spoil). — yadi param = »if but.” Ratn. III p. 81 the king throws himself at the feet of his queen: the reddish glow of your feet, says he, caused by painting, I will take off with my bent head I but the glow of anger on your cheeks I am able to drive away yadi paraṃ karuṇā mayi syāt »only in case, that you show mercy to me.” Another instance is Kathâs. 34, 261.

Rem. 3. The combination yadi cet is sometimes round in epic poetry, f. i. R. 2, 48, 21, Mhbh. 1, 104, 37. In fact, cet has not been at the outset a conjunction, nor is it a relative, though in the classic dialect it may bear this character. It is properly a combination of ca + it the emphatic particle (398 R. 2) (*1). In the archaic dialect even the simple ca does occasional duty as a conditional particle (*2).

(*1)
Cp. net (355 R. 1) = na + it.

(*2)
P. 8, 1, 30 it is termed caṇ. Kâç. comments: caṇ ṇidviśiṣṭo ‘yaṃ cedarthe vartate / ayaṃ ca mariṣyati / ayaṃ cen mariṣyatīty arthaḥ. See Petr. Dict. II, p. 905, s. v. ca 8).

484. 条件文

条件文（conditional period）は、前提節（protasis）と帰結節（apodosis）から成る複文である。前提節は条件を含み、帰結節はその条件下で起こることを記述する。

○yadi / cet

前提節の文法的指示詞はyadiあるいはcetである。これらのうち、もともと関係詞であるyadiは、詩文であっても文頭に来る。けれども、原則としてcetは文頭に来ず、しばしば文末に来る；もっとも、sa、eṣa、naなどが用いられる場合には、その近くに置かれる。

帰結節における関係指示代名詞

帰結節において、関係詞は必ずしも必要でない。が、しばしばtataḥ、tadā、tat、tarhi、時にはathaのように明示される。

例：
a.) 帰結節に関係詞がないもの
Daç. 105 yady aham asmi taskaro bhadrā badhnīta mām (if I am a thief, fetter me, gentlemen)
Daç. 72 yadīha bhagavatpādamūlaṃ na śaraṇaṃ śaraṇam astu mama kṛpaṇāyā hiraṇyaretāḥ (if Your Holiness does not afford me protection, the god of fire must be my refuge)
Kathâs. 25, 19 bhagavān vaktu vetti cet (say it, Reverend, if you know it)
Kumâras. 5, 40 na ced rahasyaṃ prativaktum arhasi (answer me, prithee, if it is no secret)

b.) あるもの
Hit. 23 yady annaṃ nāsti tadā suprītenāpi vacasā tāvad atithiḥ pūjyaḥ (if food is wanting, one must entertain one’s guest at least with kind speech)
Daç. 90 sā ced iyaṃ prakṛtimāpadyeta tadā peśalaṃ bhavet (if she should be brought to reason, that would be charming)
Mhbh. 1, 43, 1 Taxaka says to Kâçyapa yadi daṣṭaṃ mayeha tvaṃ śaktaḥ kiṃcic cikitsituṃ / tato vṛkṣaṃ mayā daṣṭam imaṃ jīvaya kāśyapa
Panc. 334 avaśyaṃ yadi gantavyaṃ tad eṣa karkaṭo ‘pi sahāyaḥ (if [you] are obliged to go, even this crab may be your companion)
Kathâs. 24, 146 na cetkupyasi tat kiṃcit prabho cijñāpayāmy aham (if you are not angry, I have something to entreat of you)
Panc. 16 yady evam abhimataṃ tarhi śivāste panthānaḥ santu
Çâk. VII na cet munikumāro ‘yam atha ko ‘sya vyapadeśaḥ (if he is not the son of a muni, what, then, is his name ?)

【補足2】
yadi… tu = »if… at least.’’
R. 3, 43, 19 Sîtâ to Râma jīvanna yadi te ‘bhyeti grahaṇaṃ mṛgasattamaḥ / ajinaṃ naraśārdṛla ruciraṃ tu bhaviṣyati / nihatasyāsya (even if tho precious deer should not be taken alive, its skin at least will be a beautiful spoil)
yadi param = »if but’’
Ratn. III p. 81 the king throws himself at the feet of his queen: the reddish glow of your feet, says he, caused by painting, I will take off with my bent head I but the glow of anger on your cheeks I am able to drive away yadi paraṃ karuṇā mayi syāt »only in case, that you show mercy to me.’’
Kathâs. 34, 261.

【補足3】
yadi cetの組み合わせが、R. 2, 48, 21やMhbh. 1, 104, 37など、叙事詩に見られることがある。実際には、cetは、当初は接続詞でも関係詞でもなかったのであるが、古典サンスクリットではこの性格をもつ。これは正しく、強調の不変化辞ca＋itである（398補足2）（*1）。ヴェーダ語では、単なるcaさえもが時に条件法を示す不変化辞としてはたらくことがある（*2）。

（*1）
net（na＋it）と比較せよ（355補足1）。

（*2）
P. 8, 1, 30はこれをcaṇと呼称する。Kâç.はこのように注釈する：caṇ ṇidviśiṣṭo ‘yaṃ ced arthe vartate / ayaṃ ca mariṣyati / ayaṃ cen mariṣyatīty arthaḥ。Petr. Dict. II, p. 905, s. v. ca 8)をみよ。