493. Employment of iti.

In short, the direct construction with iti is not only necessary, when quoting one's words spoken or written, but it is also idiomatic to express by it the object of knowing, thinking, believing, reflecting, doubting, rejoicing, wondering and the like, to expound the fact which acts as a cause or motive, to signify the object of purpose and wish, etc.

Examples of the direct construction with iti. a.) when quoting words spoken or otherwise uttered. Mâlat. I, p. 11 kathitam avalokitayā madanodyānaṃ gato mādhava iti (A. had told me, M. was gone to the grove of Kâma); Daç. 68 aṅgeṣu… kaścidasti tapaḥprabhāvotpannadivyacakṣurmarīcir nāma (as I heard from some people conversing, there was in the country of Anga —); Mudr. I, p. 37 na cākhyeyam asmai cāṇakyo lekhayatīti (he must not be informed that it is Câṇakya who has it written by him); Mṛcch. VIII, p. 242 dhanyastvaṃ puṇyas tvam iti bhavantaṃ stīti.

b.) when expressive of the contents of one’s thought. Mhbh. 1, 74, 29 manyate pāpakaṃ kṛtvā na kaścid vetti mām iti (after doing some evil one thinks; nobody knows me as such), Panc. 8 svāminmṛto ‘sau saṃjīvako ‘smābhis tu sārthavāhasyābhīṣṭa iti matvā vahninā saṃskṛtaḥ (master, that [bull] Saṃjîvaka has died; now, as w e thought the merchant liked him, we have consumed his body by fire), Hit. 24 anantaraṃ ca tenaiva jaradgavenāsmākaṃ śāvakāḥ khāditā iti sarvaiḥ pakṣibhir niścitya militvā gṛghno vyāpāditaḥ (after this, all the birds, understanding that it was Jaradgava himself who had devoured their young ones, killed the vulture by joint exertion), Çâk. V mūḍhaḥ syāmahameṣā vā vaden mithyeti (I am at a loss whether I am perhaps astray, or that she lies), Panc. I, 222 putrīti jātā mahatīhi cintā kasmai pradeyeti mahānvitarkaḥ / dattvā sukhaṃ prāpsyati vā na veti, Nâgân. V, p. 80 kadācin nāyaṃ nāga iti [māṃ] jñātvā parityajen nāgaśatruḥ.

c.) when setting forth the motives of emotions (rejoicing, wondering and the like) and of judgments (approbation, disapproval), the contents of a bargain, a convention etc., in short, in all such cases as also admit of being expressed by a clause introduced by yat. Hit. 11 na dharmaśāstraṃ paṭhatīti kāraṇam (that he roads the law-books, is not the cause), Panc. V, 26 puruṣaḥ sa eva bāhyaḥ kṣaṇena bhavatīti vicitrametat (it is singular, that the very same man [having lost his wealth] should forthwith become a stranger), Çâk. I tatra bhavān kaṇvaḥ śāśvate brahmaṇi vartata (how is it, that, Kaṇva observing a holy life for ever, your friend should be his daughter?), Hit. 10 iyaṃ ca vaḥ sakhī tasyātmajeti katham etat (that the tiger eats the man is slanderous gossip), Daç. 116 tābhyāṃ… kṛtaḥ samayo ‘bhūd āvayoḥ putravatyāḥ putrāya duhitṛmatyā duhitā deyeti (the two [queens] made this bargain, that if one of them should become mother to a son, and the other to a daughter, they would make their children marry each other).

d.) when signifying a purpose or a wish. Here it is clear, the reflections quoted are put in the imperative , the future , the optative (liṅ). Nala. 26, 6 punaḥ pravartatāṃ dyūtam iti me niścitā matiḥ (I am decided to lake up the game again), Panc. 301 vayaṃ tatra yāsyāmo yatra dhanāptir mṛtyurvā bhaviṣyatītyeṣa niścayaḥ (we have made up our minds to go to a country where we have the chance of getting either money or death); — Pat. I, p. 76 (what is to be done does not succeed, yet it is wished to be done).

e.) as to iti, when expressive of motive or cause, see 497.

493. itiの用法

端的に言うと、itiを伴う直接引用文は、話されたり書かれたりした言葉を引用する場合にのみ必要なのではなく、〈知る・考える・信じる・思案する・疑う・喜ぶ・不思議に思う〉などの動詞の目的語を表す、原因や動機として作用する事実を詳説する、目的や願望の目的語を指示する、なども慣用的である。

○itiを伴う直接引用文の例

a.) 発話された言葉を引用するもの
Mâlat. I, p. 11 kathitam avalokitayā madanodyānaṃ gato mādhava iti (A. had told me, M. was gone to the grove of Kâma)
Daç. 68 aṅgeṣu… kaścid asti tapaḥ prabhāvotpannadivyacakṣurmarīcir nāma (as I heard from some people conversing, there was in the country of Anga —)
Mudr. I, p. 37 na cākhyeyam asmai cāṇakyo lekhayatīti (he must not be informed that it is Câṇakya who has it written by him)
Mṛcch. VIII, p. 242 dhanyas tvaṃ puṇyas tvam iti bhavantaṃ stīti

b.) 誰かの考えの内容を表すもの
Mhbh. 1, 74, 29 manyate pāpakaṃ kṛtvā na kaścid vetti mām iti (after doing some evil one thinks; nobody knows me as such)
Panc. 8 svāmin mṛto ‘sau saṃjīvako ‘smābhis tu sārthavāhasyābhīṣṭa iti matvā vahninā saṃskṛtaḥ (master, that [bull] Saṃjîvaka has died; now, as w e thought the merchant liked him, we have consumed his body by fire)
Hit. 24 anantaraṃ ca tenaiva jaradgavenāsmākaṃ śāvakāḥ khāditā iti sarvaiḥ pakṣibhir niścitya militvā gṛghno vyāpāditaḥ (after this, all the birds, understanding that it was Jaradgava himself who had devoured their young ones, killed the vulture by joint exertion)
Çâk. V mūḍhaḥ syām aham eṣā vā vaden mithyeti (I am at a loss whether I am perhaps astray, or that she lies)
Panc. I, 222 putrīti jātā mahatīhi cintā kasmai pradeyeti mahān vitarkaḥ / dattvā sukhaṃ prāpsyati vā na veti
Nâgân. V, p. 80 kadācin nāyaṃ nāga iti [māṃ] jñātvā parityajen nāgaśatruḥ

c.) 情動（喜ぶ・不思議に思う等）、判断（賛成する・反対する）の動機、取引や協定等の内容などを説明する場合。要するに、yatで導かれる節で表現することも許されるようなあらゆる場合
Hit. 11 na dharmaśāstraṃ paṭhatīti kāraṇam (that he roads the law-books, is not the cause)
Panc. V, 26 puruṣaḥ sa eva bāhyaḥ kṣaṇena bhavatīti vicitram etat (it is singular, that the very same man [having lost his wealth] should forthwith become a stranger)
Çâk. I tatra bhavān kaṇvaḥ śāśvate brahmaṇi vartata (how is it, that, Kaṇva observing a holy life for ever, your friend should be his daughter?)
Hit. 10 iyaṃ ca vaḥ sakhī tasyātmajeti katham etat (that the tiger eats the man is slanderous gossip)
Daç. 116 tābhyāṃ… kṛtaḥ samayo ‘bhūd āvayoḥ putravatyāḥ putrāya duhitṛmatyā duhitā deyeti (the two [queens] made this bargain, that if one of them should become mother to a son, and the other to a daughter, they would make their children marry each other)

d.) 目的や願望を指示するもの。ここでは明らかに、引用される思索はIpv.・Fut.・Opt.（liṅ）に置かれる。
Nala. 26, 6 punaḥ pravartatāṃ dyūtamiti me niścitā matiḥ (I am decided to lake up the game again)
Panc. 301 vayaṃ tatra yāsyāmo yatra dhanāptir mṛtyur vā bhaviṣyatīty eṣa niścayaḥ (we have made up our minds to go to a country where we have the chance of getting either money or death)
Pat. I, p. 76 kāryāṇi na sidhyanti / iṣyante ca syur iti (what is to be done does not succeed, yet it is wished to be done)

e.) 動機や原因を表すitiについては497をみよ。