496. Synonyms of iti etc.

iti, though it is the commonest contrivance for expressing the direct construction, is by no means indispensable. Other demonstratives, as evam, ittham, the pronouns eṣa, ayam, īdṛśa may likewise serve that purpose. Nothing, too, forbids quoting without using any demonstrative at all.

Examples: a.) of the direct constr. set forth by a demonstrative other but iti. Panc. 18 svāmy evaṃ vadati cirād dṛśyate (my master speaks thus: »it is long ago since I saw you”), ibid. I, 302 ahaṃ hi saṃmato rājño ya evaṃ manyate kudhoḥ / balīvardaḥ sa vijñeyo viṣāṇaparivarjitaḥ. R. 2, 61, 1 kausalyā rudatī cārtā bhartāram idam abravīt, vs. 2-26 contain the very words of the queen, vs. 27 imāṃ giraṃ dāruṇaśabdasaṃhitāṃ niśamya… tataḥ sa śokaṃ praviveśa pārthivaḥ, here idam and imām point to the words spoken, not iti.

Rem. The pleonasm ity evam, ity eṣa etc. is frequent. See Mhbh. 1, 119, 38, Kathâs. 35, 50, M. 2, 15, etc. etc.

b.) neither iti nor any other demonstrative is used. So very often in dialogues sa Aha… so ‘py Aha and the like. Nala. 8, 7 tāstu sarvāḥ prakṛtayo dvitīyaṃ samupasthitāḥ / nyavedayaḍīmasutā na sa tatpratyanandata (Damayantî informed Nala, that his officers had come to him a second time, but he did not care for it), Panc. I, 150 yo mohānmanyate mūḍho rakteyaṃ mama kāminī / sa tasyā vaśago nityaṃ bhavet, R. 3, 7, 15 bhavān sarvatra kuśalaḥ sarvabhūtahite rataḥ / ākhyātaṃ śarabhaṅgena (that you are etc., has been told by Çarabhanga). As to such constructions as kāmo me (or icchāmi) bhuñjīta — or bhṅktāṃ — bhavān (I wish you to eat), na saṃbhāvayāmi tatra bhavānnāmi vṛṣalaṃ yājayet (I do not believe, indeed, I do not, he will sacrifice for a çûdra) etc. see Kâç. on P. 3, 3, 145, 153 and 157.

496. itiの同義語等

itiは、直接構文を表現するための最も一般的な道具であるが、決して不可欠なものではない。指示詞evam、ittham、代名詞eṣa、ayam、īdṛśaは、同様に直接構文を表すことに資する。いかなる指示詞をも全く用いずに引用することを禁じるものはない。

例：
a.) iti以外の指示詞で表されるもの
Panc. 18 svāmy evaṃ vadati cirād dṛśyate (my master speaks thus: »it is long ago since I saw you’’)
ibid. I, 302 ahaṃ hi saṃmato rājño ya evaṃ manyate kudhoḥ / balīvardaḥ sa vijñeyo viṣāṇaparivarjitaḥ
R. 2, 61, 1 kausalyā rudatī cārtā bhartāram idam abravīt

最後の例文について、続く2-26偈は女王の述べるその言を含む。27偈imāṃ giraṃ dāruṇaśabdasaṃhitāṃ niśamya… tataḥ sa śokaṃ praviveśa pārthivaḥについて、ここでidamとimāmは、itiでなく話された言葉を指す。

【補足】
冗語法のity evamやity eṣa等も頻出する。Mhbh. 1, 119, 38、Kathâs. 35, 50、M. 2, 15等をみよ。

b.) 指示詞を用いないもの。sa āha… so ‘py āhaなどの会話でよくある
Nala. 8, 7 tāstu sarvāḥ prakṛtayo dvitīyaṃ samupasthitāḥ / nyavedayaḍīmasutā na sa tatpratyanandata (Damayantî informed Nala, that his officers had come to him a second time, but he did not care for it)
Panc. I, 150 yo mohānmanyate mūḍho rakteyaṃ mama kāminī / sa tasyā vaśago nityaṃ bhavet
R. 3, 7, 15 bhavān sarvatra kuśalaḥ sarvabhūtahite rataḥ / ākhyātaṃ śarabhaṅgena (that you are etc., has been told by Çarabhanga)

kāmo me bhuñjīta bhavān（kāmo me＝icchāmi、bhuñjīta＝bhuṅktāṃ）（I wish you to eat）やna saṃbhāvayāmi tatra bhavān nāmi vṛṣalaṃ yājayet（I do not believe, indeed, I do not, he will sacrifice for a çûdra）などのような文についてはKâç. on P. 3, 3, 145, 153, 157をみよ。